It was shown that the pulsed axially-symmetric discharge of a special design ensures stable focusing of the ion beam in 150 - 300 times without significant changes in its energy distribution function.

Experimentally and theoretically, it was found that the variance and the spatial increment of attenuation of ionic oscillations of the plasma, which are excited by a fast ion beam, are related to the unplugged removal of plasma ions from the system.

The criteria of the instability of the pulsed ion beam in relation to the excitation of ion and electron oscillations of the ion-beam plasma have been established.

It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that the nonlinear interaction of the decaying type of electron and ion oscillations leads to the attenuation of the ion wave, with nonlinear effects manifested primarily in the dynamics of fast ion beam.

The method of suppressing ion oscillations of the ion-beam plasma is proposed, due to the introduction of a low-power 'warm' electronic stream into the system. In this case, the effect of the suppression of oscillations is associated with the nonlinear interaction of an ion wave with electron fluctuations that are excited by an electron beam. The inverse effect is established - the suppression of electronic oscillations of the plasma at the incitement of intense ion waves due to the nonlinear mechanism of the decay type.

It has been established that short-wave (≈ 10-20 μm) periodic structures occurring on the surface of a softening metallic melt with impurities are due to the instability of the fastening front due to the concentration cooling of the liquid phase caused by the removal of impurities in this phase.

Experimentally and theoretically, it was found that in the energy range 0 - 12 eV, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in a plasma of a negative light of a discharge of low pressure in O₂, N₂ and Ar is essentially non-Maxwell. FREE in the case of discharges in O₂, and Ar is bi-maxwell, with effective temperatures ≈ (0.2-0.4) eV and ≈ (2-3) eV in the energy ranges ≈ (0-3) eV and ≈ (3-12) eV, respectively. The causes of such ‘bends’ of EEDF are the effective excitation of metastable states О₂(¹Δ_g), O₂(b¹Σ_g⁺) (thresholds 0.98 and 1.64 eV) from ground state and Ar(2_p9) state from metastable state Ar(1_s5) (threshold ≈ 1.8 eV). In the case of a discharge in N₂, the EEDF has a nonmonotonic character, with a failure in the energy range 2-6 eV (inverse plot in the range of 3-6 eV, due to excitation of the oscillatory levels of molecular nitrogen, and also the addition of nitrogen to SF6 impurities in concentrations 1 - 6% leads to an increase in the number of electrons in the inversion region by almost an order of magnitude.

It has been established that the dependence of the concentration of atomic oxygen on the content of Ar is nonmonotonic in a plasma with a low-pressure melting discharge with a hollow cathode in the Ar-O₂ mixture, with a minimum of Ar / (Ar + O₂) ≈ 50% and a maximum at Ar / (O₂ + Ar) ≈ 80 - 90%, which reaches ≈ 1/3 of the value [O] at Ar / (Ar + O₂) = 0%. It was found that this behavior [O] is related to the influence of O₂ ions, with low content of Ar in the mixture and particles O₂(b¹Σ_g⁺), O₂(A³Σ_u⁺, A³Δ_u, c¹Σ_u^-) at Ar/(Ar+O₂) >50%.

It has been shown that in the case of low-pressure discharge in gases, the main mechanism of sterilization of open surfaces is ultraviolet radiation (UV) of plasma, and its sterilization efficiency is much higher than in the case of the use of standard medical sources of UV radiation. In the case of surfaces of complex form, active particles of plasma begin to play an important role (for example, in the case of discharge in O₂ it is atomic oxygen and O₂ molecules (¹Δ_g), O₂ (b¹ŧ_g⁺)). In the case of using a plasma of discharge in a H₂O₂ vapor, the active role in the sterilization of open surfaces is played by the active particles formed in the plasma, rather than the UV radiation. Significantly greater sterilization efficiency of such a plasma is associated with two to three times the concentration of O, O₂ (¹Δ_g), O₂ (b1.001g), and the presence of OH radicals. Based on the research conducted, a prototype plasma sterilizer model with a volume of 100 liters of working chamber was created that was significantly more effective than Sterrad 100S sterilizer (Advanced Sterilization Products, USA).

It is established that the efficiency of biological inactivation of water by UV radiation of plasma of discharges in O₂, D₂, O₂, N₂, their mixtures, water pairs is determined not only by the amount of absorbed dose but also by the spectral distribution of the intensity of UV radiation. The efficiency of such radiation is much higher than in the case of UV radiation of mercury lamps of medium and low pressure. The efficiency of UV radiation of discharges in the specified gas-vapor environments is associated with high intensity in the wavelength range ∼ 215-230 nm.

Experimentally and theoretically, dependences of concentrations of O₃, HNO₃, HNO₂, NO₃ and OH in the volume barrier discharge on the mixture of N₂ / O₂ / H₂O from the air humidity, specific power in discharge and the duration of the gas mixture in the discharge gap were determined experimentally and theoretically. Also found dependences of concentrations of O₃, HNO₃, HNO₂, N₂O₅ and NO₃ in a large chamber where the products of the reactions in discharge were displaced from the duration of their accumulation at different values of air humidity.

It is shown that the treatment of oriented polyimide substrates for liquid crystals by the flow of active particles from a barrier discharge in argon can be successfully applied for the smooth control of the angle of the anteroposterior of liquid crystals. Such a method of orientation can be improved by combining the substrate treatment with particles streams with rubbing (or another method that provides good plane orientation). The advantage of this approach is that the processing of active particles from the discharge will provide a smooth control of the angle of the pre-shaft, while rubbing - plane orientation.

It has been shown experimentally and theoretically that the molecular ions Ar₂⁺ play a major role in the modification of the polyimide substrates by particles flux from an atmospheric barrier discharge on argon with the aim of orienting liquid crystals.

The experimental device was developed on the basis of the original three-electrode plasma capacitive high-frequency (13.56 MHz) discharge on argon atmospheric pressure for plasma modification of surface properties of materials.

The peculiarities of combustion of a capacitive planar high-frequency discharge with isolated electrodes in argon atmospheric pressure were found experimentally and calculated in the framework of a hybrid hydrodynamic model. The existence of a transitional α-γ mode of burning discharge has been established, which manifests itself in the form of simultaneous coexistence of low-current α and high-current γ modes of burning discharge during the transition between these modes during each half-period of the RF power supply

The conditions for the propagation of high-frequency capacitive discharge atmospheric pressure outside the electrodes in the form of a plasma plasma jet are established and the possibility of electronic control of its parameters is shown. A physical model of the formation of such a planar jet, which consists in the formation of virtual electrodes in free space, is proposed and experimentally confirmed, and it is responsible for distributing this jet to a distance of up to 5 mm.

The prospect of practical application of the plasma plasma jet from the high-frequency discharge of atmospheric pressure for controllable processing of flat surfaces of a large area is demonstrated through real-time controlled action of active particles and ultraviolet radiation of the discharge. For the first time, it was found that it is possible to obtain two types of orientation of liquid crystals on a treated polyimide surface - along and across the direction of processing of substrates with the help of atmospheric pressure discharges.

Comparative studies of LCD cells obtained by plasma processing and cells obtained with the application of the rubbing technology showed significantly greater homogeneity of the orientation of the LC in the first case due to the absence of microscopic effects associated with the traces of rubbing. It has been found that the binding energies of the nematic LC 5CB and E7 on the surface of the polyimide treated with the plasma flow are 1-3 × 10^-5 J/m² and 1 × 10^-5 J/m², respectively. These values exceed the typical values for photorientation methods (∼ 10^-6 J/m²) and are close to the values of the clutch energy in the case of rubbing (≈ 10^-4 J/m²).