Nanocomposites and nanomaterials

Polysaccharide nanoparticles for creation of micronutrient application 
Nagornyak M.I.1, Oleksa V.V.1, Varvarenko S.M.1, Ostapiv D.D.2, 	Samaryk V.J. 1, Vlizlo V. V. 2
1 Department of organic chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Stepan Bandera str., Lviv-79013, Ukraine. 
E-mail: minagorniak@gmail.com
2 Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38, V. Stusa str, Lviv-79034, Ukraine.
E-mail: inenbiol@mail.lviv.ua

Polymer materials for medical and biomedical applications put forward a number of requirements. Very often, they should combine the properties of apyrogenicity, non-toxicity and biodegradability. In addition, the non-toxic should also be products of biodegradation with known ways of removing them from the body. A special place among the polymer products of this class is occupied by aqueous dispersions of polymers with nano- / micrometric size particles of a dispersed phase, which are used as delivery systems for drugs, new generation adjuvants of highly effective vaccines and carriers in micronutrient applications
	In this report is considered the basic patterns of the formation of such particles by spatial structuring molecules of natural polysaccharides (dextran and dextrin). As structuring agent are used N-derivatives of glutamic acid and structuring process is implemented through the Steglich reaction between the hydroxyl groups of polysaccharide and carboxyl groups of structuring agent. The proposed pathway allows the creation of non-toxic particles of nano- and/or micrometric size, which in the aqueous environment are capable of self-stabilization and immobilization of blood plasma proteins on their surface. The raw material used to produce particles and the way of their formation, is ensured the absence of toxicity and controlled biodegradability. This is confirmed by a number of cytological studies. Investigation of physiological activity has showed that nano- and/or micrometric size particle are characterized by the ability to penetrate into cells and provide transport of solubilized biologically active substances into them. Were developed the water dispersed preparations of taurine, vitamin E and essential elements for diet correction and were investigated their efficiency of use.