Nanochemistry and biotechnology
Effects of water-soluble С60 fullerene nanoparticles on rats experienced acetaminophen-induced liver injury  

Kuznietsova H.M.1, Dziubenko N.V.1, Lynchak O.V.1, Prylutskyy Yu.I.1, Rybalchenko V.K.1, Scharff P.2, Ritter U.2 

1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str., 64/13, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine; E-mail: biophyz@gmail.com
2Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Weimarer str. 25, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany

In developed countries, up to 25% cases of chronic active hepatitis occur due to toxic predominantly drug-induced liver injury. Common therapy is symptomatic and includes detoxification (sorbents, hemodialysis), hepatoprotectors (plant extracts, phospholipids) and vitamins. There are no universal effective antidotes to date.
The effects of water-soluble biocompatible С60 fullerenes (C60FAS) having power antioxidant properties [1] on liver function under rat toxic liver injury model were aimed to be discovered. Liver injury was simulated by single acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg) ingestion. C60FAS (0.5 mg/kg) was administered per os or intraperitoneally (i.p.) on 5th and 24th h after pathology induction, and on 48th h animals were sacrificed. Serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), α-amylase and serum total and direct bilirubin, triglycerides, creatinine, urea and total protein were measured. 
Increase of total bilirubin (by 87%) and ALP (by 15%) and decrease of α-amylase (by 24%) and triglycerides (by 48%) in non-treated rats were observed, suggesting the hepatitis and cholestasis. C60FAS when administered by both ways normalized α-amylase and ALP, and even decreased ALT (by 26 and 28%), which might indicate its protective impact on bile secretion. However, total bilirubin tended up (by 311 and 385% compared with control and by 120 and 159% compared with liver injury group) and triglycerides tended down (by 90 and 80% compared with control and by 80 and 61% compared with liver injury group), suggesting the augmentation of bilirubin metabolism and absorption disorders probably through C60 fullerene weak hemolytic properties [2]. 
Thus, C60FAS could partially correct liver toxic injury, however, couldn’t normalize bilirubin metabolism. 
1. Vereshchaka I.V., Bulgakova N.V., Maznychenko A.V. et al. C60 fullerenes diminish the muscle fatigue in rats comparable to N-acetylcysteine or β-alanine // Front. Physiol.-2018.-9:517. 
2. Shpakova N.M., Nipot O.S., Ishchenko I.O. et al. Effect of C60 fullerene on viscoelastic properties of human erythrocytes membrane // Fiziol. Zh.-2014.-60: 82–88.