Nanostructured polymer-apatite scaffolds for dental application: structure and properties.

Sukhodub L.B, Kumeda M.O., Sukhodub L.F.
Sumy State Universit, Rimsky-Korsakov, Sumy-40007, Ukraine  
E-mail: L.Sukhodub@gmail.com

Clinical studies have confirmed the presence of an associated link between pathogenic microflora and peri-implant diseases and periodontitis [1], which requires diseases prevention. Dental enamel can be destroyed by acids present in dietary components, especially in soft drinks [2]. An important strategy in dentistry is the use of materials with osteointegrating and bactericidal properties. The new requirements correspond to the new composite material in the form of a scaffold based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and a natural polymer - sodium alginate (Alg) with the addition of metal ions (Me) and a drug - chlorhexidine begluconate, known as one of the most effective antimicrobial agents in dentistry. A slurry of HA with a humidity of 80% was synthesized using microwave irradiation (MW). Metal ions (Ca2 +, Cu2 +, Zn2 +, Mg2 +, Al3 +) acted as a crosslinking agent during the process of ionotropic gelation. They are also known for their antimicrobial properties [3]. Ultrasound (US) was used to homogenize the reaction mixture. Two forms of final processing were made: a) freezing followed by lyophilization for 4.5 hours at -53 ° C; as result the porous scaffolds of a given shape with a thickness of about 2 mm were obtained; the chlorhexidine was introduced by the method of impregnation followed by drying; b) drying at room temperature – were obtained elastic films of <1 mm thick, which can be used for the filling of periodontal pockets, to act as a source of HA and to provide prolonged action of the drug. Previous studies have shown that the material retains its shape in a buffer phosphate solution (PBS) for 7 days, is nontoxic and completely resolvable in the body without causing side effects.

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