Nanocomposites and nanomaterial

Research of structures made of polymer composite materials
filled with carbon nanotubes
Cherniuk O.A., Zhuravsky S.V., Makhno S.M., Sementsov Yu.I., Kartel M.T.
Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine,
17 General Naumov Str., Kyiv 03164, Ukraine. garbear@ukr.net

The development of new rubber with improved characteristics, as well as other polymeric composite materials, is a topical issue due to the use of rubber for supersonic aircraft and spacecraft. The introduction of nanoparticles into a polymeric matrix is known to affect the structure of the composite material (the degree of crystallinity of the matrix) and to increase the physical-mechanical characteristics, electrical and thermal conductivity, thermo-oxide stability.
A complex of physical and chemical characteristics was studied, including chemical and thermal stability, oil-gas resistant, chemically resistant rubber, which have different mechanisms of polymerization (vulcanization), based on butadiene-nitrile (BNR), silicone and fluororubber SKF-32, depending on the concentration of carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) and their pre-treatment.
The introduction of CNT’s influences the properties of studied nanocompo-sites: decreases deformation of fracture, increases tensile strength, hardness, thermal and chemical resistance, decreases the effect of "aging", wears resistance of nanocomposites. The mechanical and thermal characteristics at different CNT content are presented in Tables 1 ad 2. The introduction of CNT’s in IRP-1225 causes the effect of "softening" the system over the long duration of sulfuric acid, contrary to the usual hardening effect, and increases the fragility. Strengthening of elastomers is a complex colloid-chemical process of formation of the inter-phase region and vulcanization structures in the carbon-rubber nodes of the rubber mesh. Dependencies are not linear, one can find the optimal value of CNT’s concentra-tion for consumer characteristics.
The propor-tion of BNR
/ PSO, %	
Mechanical characteristics
at different CNT content (mass %)	

ε, %	
σ100, MPA	
Σ, MPA	

0	
0,5	
0	
0,5	
0	
0,5	

90/10	
330	
200	
4,1	
12	
15	
18	

80/20	
300	
190	
4	
11	
14,4	
18	

70/30	
340	
180	
3,6	
10	
13,3	
17	

Indexes	
Composition of BNR/PSO at
different CNT content (mass %)	

90/10	
80/20	
70/30	

0	
0,5	
0	
0,5	
0	
0,5	

*Т5%,С	
307	
327	
289	
355	
260	
385	

Тable 1. Mechanical characteristics
for the BNR / PSO system	Тable 2. Thermal analysis
for the BNR / PSO system