Nanobiotechnology for health-care

Ultrasound-active Nanoparticles and Focused Ultrasound Applications in Nanomedicine
Aydin O1
1 Erciyes University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 38039, Talas/Kayseri Turkey. 
E-mail: biomer@umich.edu

Ultrasound (US) Systems have been frequently used for medical imaging but focused ultrasound (FUS) technologies have been recently preferred for therapy, especially cancer therapy. Like a magnifying glass collecting the light on a spot, high intensity sound waves are focused in a single point where the energy is absorbed and leads to either thermal or mechanical effects over tumor lesion in the body. Thermal effect could increase the temperature that causes protein denaturation with cellular necrosis. Mechanical effect of US results in acoustic cavitation, which is profoundly used for opening blood-brain-barrier, tissue necrosis in the defined region, enhance the cellular internalization of nanoparticles through cell membrane instability, and enhance nanoparticle permeability from vascular system. Based these effects and providing opportunities of FUS, it is preferred to be used with drug/gene delivery nanomedicine tools to increase the therapeutic effects of the agents, pass biological barriers, and enhance the therapeutic agent concentration in tumor. In my talk, I will explain how to develop US-active nanoparticles that can be exploded under sonication leading to tissue ablation of 3D prostate cancer spheroid [2] and mention designing of drug/gene nanocarriers [3] which effectively delivery high-concentration drugs in tumor by passing a various biological barrier.  

1.	Bader K.B., Vlaisavljevich E., Maxwell A.D. For Whom the Bubble Grows: Physical Principles of Bubble Nucleation and Dynamics in Histotripsy Ultrasound Therapy // US. In Medicine and Biology.-2019.-45.-P. 1056-1080.
2.	Aydin O., Vlaisavljevich E., Durmaz Y.Y., Xu Z., ElSayed M.. Noninvasive Ablation of Prostate Cancer Spheroids Using Acoustically-Activated Nanodroplets // Mol. Pharmaceutics 2016.-13, N 12.-P. 4054-4065.
3.	Zhou Q., Chen Z., Yi-Xiang Wang, Yang F., Yan Lin, Liao Y. Ultrasound-Mediated Local Drug and Gene Delivery Using Nanocarriers // Biomed Res Int.-2014. 1-14.