Nanochemistry and biotechnology

In silico and in vitro studies of combined action of C60 fullerene with сis-Palladium(II)3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazole
Grynyuk I.I.1, Grebinyk A.G.2, Prylutska S.V.3, Hurmach V.V.4, Matyshevska O.P.5, Prylutskyy Yu.I.4, Frohme M.2
1 Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Peremohy av., 37, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
E-mail: igrynyuk@yahoo.com
2 Technical University of Applied Sciences of Wildau, 1 Hochschulring Str., Wildau, 15745, Germany
3 National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Heroyiv Oborony Street, 15, Kiev 03041, Ukraine
4 Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
5 Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Leontovicha Street, 9, Kiev 01030, Ukraine

The creation of less toxic structural analogues of known effective drugs and their modulation by nanostructures in order to enhance the cytotoxic effect is relevant nowadays. Promising compound in this regard are сis-Palladium(II)3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazole (cis-Pd(HL)Cl2). C60 fullerene nanostructure can be a modulator of biological action of cis-Pd complex.
Тhe aim of the work was to study interaction of DNA with cis-Pd(HL)Cl2 separately and in combination with C60 fullerene and to estimate their influence on normal and leukemic cells. 
Cis-Pd(HL)Cl2 (the purity of compound was ≥98%) was synthesized at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). A highly stable water colloid solution of C60 fullerene (10-4 M, purity >99.5%) was synthesized at Technical University of Ilmenau (Germany). 
By using computer modeling it was shown that cis-Pd(HL)Cl2 form stable complexes with DNA separately and in combination with C60 fullerene. 
Compound cis-Pd(HL)Cl2 in range concentration 0,5 – 5 μM did not cause hemolytic effects. Erythrocytes hemolysis was observed in the presence 10 μM cis-Pd (HL)Cl2, C60 fullerene prevented cis-Pd(HL)Cl2-induce hemolytic effect.
Сis-Pd complex showed cytotoxic effect on leukemic CCRF-CEM cells at concentrations 1.5 μM after 72 h. 0.5 μM cis-Pd complex did not affect on the viability of CCRF-CEM cells, however, at the combined action with C60 fullerene this parameter decreased by 50% after 48 h incubation and kept at the same level within 72 h. Both significant decrease of CCRF-CEM cells number and their morphological changes were detected at combined action of cis-Pd complex and C60 fullerene.
Thus, cis-Pd complex showed a pronounced cytotoxic effect on leukemic cells, which was intensified at combined treatment with C60 fullerene.