Physico-Chemical nanomaterials science
Shape and mobility of soliton-like charge wave
 Vasylyuk S.V.1 
1Department of Molecular Physics, Physics Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National Kyiv University,  64/13 Volodymyrska str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine,
E-mail:svetlanafvasylyuk@gmail.com
The most applied feature of the polymethine dyes concerns their ability to absorb and emit the light in the visible and near IR spectral region; they exhibit highly intensive and comparatively narrow absorption and fluorescence band. This unique spectral property is found to be due to specific electron distribution in the chromophore and equilibrium molecular geometry in the ground and excited states of the polymethine dye ions. According to present point view, an injection of the electron or hole in the highly-polarized collective system of -electrons causes the appearance of the so-called solitonic level (impurity level) in the energy gap and the considerable shift of the both conductive band bottom and valence band top [1-4]. The injected charge (electron or hole) is not delocalized uniformly over whole -system, but is self-localized as a solitary wave, i.e., a kink or soliton [1-4].
Modern perceptions about waves that occurs in nature are given. The history of the solitary wave discovery is presented. The solutions of the Korteveg-de Vries and Kadomtcev-Petviashvili equations are given and their properties are discussed. The definition of topological and charge soliton is given and their part in physics is considered.

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