Nanobiotechnology for health-care
Effect of gold nanocomposites treatment on male reproductive 
function under conditions of experimental chronic kidney disease

Kaleynikova O.N. 1, Ukrainska S.I. 1, Sribna V.A.1, Stupchuk M.S.1,
 Kutsevol N.V.2, Kuziv Y.I.2, Vinogradova-Anyk A.A.3, Tarasova K.V. 3, Karvatskiy I.N.3, Voznesenskaya T.Y.1, Blashkiv T.V.1
1- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine. Bogomoletz street 4, Kyiv 01024,  Ukraine.
E-mail:syana_ds@ukr.net
2- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Volodymyrska Street 64/13, Kyiv 01601,Ukraine.
3- Bogomoletz National Medical University, T. Shevchenko boulevard 13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.

Today, chronic kidney disease ChKD - one of the challenges of the XXI century - affects the morbidity and mortality of the population, which goes beyond nephrology and requires the joint efforts of doctors of many specialties. Recently, it has been proved that polymers with a dextran core and grafted polyacrylamide chains dextran-polyacryl-amide (D-PAA) are effective in photodynamic chemotherapy, which gives confidence in the prospect of drug-nanosystem. Therefore, this study focuses on the further study of new effects of hybrid nanocomposites based on branched copolymers of dextran-polyacrylamide in anionic D-g-PAA(PE) form with included gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in particular, on reproductive function using male mammals (mice) under conditions of experimental ChKD, because it has not been studied before.
Experiments were carried out with the use of adult male albino Albino mice (weighing 25-30 g). We used "charged" (D-g-PAA(PE) (dextran-polyacrylamide (polyelectrolyte)). Hydrodynamic dimensions of both types of macromolecules are 70-80 nm. The size of the Au nanoparticles loaded in D-g-PAA(PE) has sizes 4-11 and 16-20 nm. Au nanoparticles have a spherical shape. The model of experimental chronic kidney disease (EChKD) was reproduced by immunizing animals with kidney homogenate. Immunization was performed 4 times intraperitoneally once a day at the rate of 10 μl of suspension per 10 g of mouse weight according to the following scheme: on 1, 3, 5 and 26 days (after four weeks) from the beginning of the experiment. 
The obtained data indicate the disorder of male reproductive function under conditions of EChKD, and under conditions of five-time treatment with gold nanosystems (AuNP/D-g-PAA(PE)).
Under conditions of EChHD and treatment with AuNP/D-g-PAA(PE) there is an additional (probable) damage, namely an increase in the value of preimplantation mortality of embryos in comparison with this value under conditions of EChHD.