Physico-Chemical nanomaterials science 

Extraction and properties of nanocellulose from hemp fibers
 Barbash V.A1, Yashchenko O.V.1, Gondovska A.S.1, Zakharko R.M.1
1 National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Prospect Peremogy, 37, Kyiv, Ukraine. 
E-mail: v.barbash@kpi.ua

Cellulose is the most common organic compound in nature on Earth. Cellulose is widely used as a source for the production of building materials, paper, textiles and clothing, etc. In recent decades, cellulose has been seen as a source for replacing polymers from exhaustive materials - oil, gas, coal. In particular, this applies to the extraction of nanocellulose from plant raw materials due to its unique properties: high elasticity and a specific surface, high transparency and chemical resistance, biodegradability and biocompatibility, a low production cost in comparison with synthetic polymers and has lightweight [1].
In this work, we presented the details of extraction and results of study of the nanocellulose from hemp fibers. Hemp fiber is naturally one of the most environmentally friendly fibers. In order to obtain nanocellulose at the first stage, hemp fibers were extracted with NaOH solution with concentration 5 %. Cellulose cooking was performed with a mixture of glacial acetic acid and 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide in a ratio of 70:30. The ratio of liquid to solid was 10:1, temperature - 97 ± 2 ˚C and duration 60-180 minutes for both stages of processing.
Nanocellulose was obtained from organosolvent hemp cellulose by chemical methods, in particular, by hydrolysis and oxidation. The hydrolysis process was performed with sulfuric acid with a concentration of 30 – 60 % at a temperature of 40-60 оC, and oxidation by the action of the reagent 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) at the consumption of 1.6 % at 2-24 hours according to the method [2]. Experimental results about morphology and physical-mechanical properties hemp fibers, pulp and nanocellulose were obtained with used next methods for research: SEM, FTIR, XRD, AFM, TEM and TGA. Obtained data and the results of their analysis have pointed to the prospects for nanocellulose materials application in science and technology. 

1.	Mondal S. Preparation, properties and applications of nanocellulosic materials // Carbohydr Polym.-2017.-163.-P. 301-316.
2.	Barbash V.A., Yashchenko O.V., Gondovska A.S., Deykun I.M. Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose obtained by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of organosolv pulp from reed stalks. Appl Nanosci (2021).