Nanochemistry and biotechnology
Development of enzyme biosensors based on gold nanoparticles

Soldatkina O.V.2,3, Soldatkin O.O.1,3, Mruga D.O.1,3, Rieznichenko L.S.2, Gruzina T.G.2, Dybkova S.M.2, Dzyadevych S.V.1,3
1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine. Zabolotnogo Str., 150, Kyiv-03143, Ukraine. E-mail: olgasoldatkina@yahoo.com
2F.D. Ovcharenko institute of biocolloidal chemistry NAS of Ukraine. Akademika Vernadskogo Boulevard, 42, Kiev -03142, Ukraine.
3Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Volodymyrska Street, 64/13. Kyiv- 01601, Ukraine. 

Today, the creation of new methods of quantitative diagnostics is given considerable attention by scientists from around the world. One of the most promising areas is the development of new analytical devices - biosensors. An interesting area of biosensors is the use of new nanoscale materials to improve important analytical characteristics of biosensors.
The influence of the presence of gold nanoparticles in bioselective elements on the analytical characteristics of conductometric and amperometric biosensors was investigated. Two variants of biosensors based on the co-immobilization of different enzymes with gold nanoparticles were tested. The first variant of immobilization based on the adsorption of enzymes on a conductometric transducer coated with gold nanoparticles. The second option is the co-immobilization of enzymes with gold nanoparticles in glutaraldehyde vapors on the surface of the transducer.
Biosensors based on gold nanoparticles of different sizes and at different concentrations in the bioselective element were tested in this work. For comparison, enzyme biosensors based on the traditional method of immobilization without the use of nanoparticles were also tested. As a result of this study, a comparison of analytical characteristics (baseline noise, drift, minimal limit of detection, sensitivity, linear operating range, measurement error) of enzyme biosensors with and without addition of gold nanoparticles to the bioselective element was performed.
The obtained results show that using gold nanoparticles as a part of bioselective elements is possible to change the characteristics of biosensors in a controlled way.