Nanocomposites and nanomaterials

Formation of porous carbon nanosystems for application as electrodes of Li-ion batteries
Shevchenko S.T., Kornyushchenko A.S., Natalich V.V., Perekrestov V.I. 
Laboratory of Vacuum Nanotechnologies, Department of Electronics and Information Technologies, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
E-mail: a.kornyushchenko@mss.sumdu.edu.ua

Carbon is a fascinating and versatile material because it offers an impressive range of possibilities for creating different nanostructures, using combined hybridization and assembling into one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) networks. The flexibility of carbon bonding in three different geometries gives molecular and solid carbon materials a wide range of properties that are used in a variety of applications. For this reason, carbon nanomaterials, such as: 0D fullerene, 1D carbon nanotube, 2D graphene, 3D graphite, and nanodiamond, are increasingly used in a number of areas, ranging from probing to use as catalysts or materials in the energy industry [1, 2]. Promising materials for use as LIB anodes include turbostrate graphite, in which the distance between graphene is greater than that of hexagonal graphite [3]. 
The porous carbon nanosystem formation technology that is developed by us consist of magnetron sputtering and hollow cathode that allows us to produce carbon nanomaterials of various structures. During carbon deposition process, the condensates formation mechanism can be influenced by varying the diameter of the hollow cathode effecting in such a way the configuration of the internal electric field and the degree of plasma concentration.
One of the main areas of enhancement of LIB functionality is related to the use of carbon nanosystem based anodes. In this case, for the expansion of the spectrum of structural and morphological forms of nanocarbon anodes, in some cases, pre-applied porous precursors are used. Thus, the nanostructures obtained by us are promising materials for lithium ion batteries.

1.	Lu W., Baek J.-B., Dai L., Carbon Nanomaterials for Advanced Energy Systems: Advances in Materials Synthesis and Device Applications// Wiley.-2015.
2.	Tanaka K., Iijima S., Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene, second ed.// Elsevier.-2014.
3.	Glushchenko G.A., Bulina N.V., Novikov P.V., Bondarenko G.N., Churilov G.N. // Letters to the JTF.- 2003.-29.(22.)-С. 23-28.